All larval species in Canada develop exclusively in stagnant water. Larval habitats can range from the minuscule; tree cavities and in the hollow of a leaf, to the massive; marshes extending many hectare.

Mosquito control is accomplished using B.t.i. ( Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis ), a naturally occurring bacterium, distributed worldwide.

Used as a control agent, it is harmless to humans, birds, fish, and other animals. It has high specificity, affecting only target species.

It is applied in low concentrations to aquatic environments, where mosquito larvae develop, and minimally affects water quality. Treatments are repeated in cycles to continually attack new generations.

Due to the dispersal abilities of mosquitoes, a one kilometre treatment zone is necessary surrounding targeted areas.

Successful ecological control of mosquito populations requires several skills and good technical training. The key to success resides in the quality of larval sampling and the continual surveillance of new larval generations.